Unlike the machine, which very often compares our body and its organs, can self-repair in response to trauma, poisoning or other damage. The degree to which this occurs varies from organ to organ; for example, liver tissue and skin have remarkable regenerative abilities, and scientists continue to learn more about how, for example, keratinocytes in the epidermal layer of the skin multiply in response to local damage. The regenerative capacity of our skin is crucial, given its role as a protective barrier between internal organs and often hostile to the outside world.

BASICS

The skin consists of three layers. The most external of these is the epidermis, which consists mainly of cells called keratinocytes; they form several own layers, and as the growth and maturation of keratinocytes migrate from the bottom of the epidermis to the surface of the skin.

The next layer, the dermis, lies beneath the epidermis and, thanks to its density of collagen and elastin fibers, gives the skin a real substance. The surface of the skin and blood vessels pass through the dermis. Finally, an even deeper subcutaneous layer contains fat, which serves as a fuel source, as well as a pillow in case of injury or injury. Each of these layers is capable of regeneration, but the process differs from layer to layer.

INITIAL STEP

When something happens that breaks the integrity of your skin to the extent that it needs to recover, the body's immediate response is inflammation. White cells come from local blood vessels to the wound, it can be scratches, cuts or burns. Then, various immune cells, including T cells, Langerhans cells and mast cells, release chemicals called chemokines and cytokines. These substances draw other cells, such as macrophages, into the affected area. The result of this cascade is the release of nitric oxide and other substances that lead to the initial stages of angiogenesis, or the creation of new blood vessels to replace those that have been damaged as a result of trauma.

REGENERATION OF EPIDERMIS

Elimination of damage to the epidermis begins with the deepest part of the epidermis - the base layer. The first stage of regeneration involves the proliferation of the cells of the basal layer itself. Once this is done, all it takes is for the cells of this layer to continue to divide and migrate upward, filling the entire space above. In the case of more superficial incisions, bleeding is absent, and the process begins only with the proliferation of cells of the intact strata.

DENM REGENERATION

Injuries, which penetrate the epidermis up to the dermis, set in motion a process different from epidermal regeneration. The most important cells in this process are called fibroblasts. These are highly mobile cells, so they can move from the healthy part of the dermis along the edges of the wound to its interior. Here they excrete matrix fibers - mainly collagen and elastin, which form the substance of the regenerating dermis. Meanwhile, macrophages act like scavengers, crawl and absorb lousy stuff and everything else that makes up waste.